VACATION DETAILS

Once known as the "City of Silver and Gold" because of an ancient mint, Pristina is central to Serbian history: It was just outside the city that the Battle of Kosovo was fought in 1389. If you go, plan two nights in the city and make it a base for exploring the surrounding territory. Pristina's sights include many mosques, the Gracanica Monastery and the Mausoleum of Sultan Murat. The city's twisting, unpaved roads also lead to a 13th-century fortress, Turkish baths and shops filled with filigree jewelry. It is also an important seat of Kosovo higher education and home to the University of Prishtina.

Note that because of regional problems, water, electricity and communication systems do not often work efficiently within Pristina. Additionally, it is recommended to drink bottled water there. The tap water is often turned off in the late-evening/early-morning hours, and the water quality cannot be guaranteed. 160 mi/260 km south of Belgrade.

Vlore (Vlorë / Vlora) is proclaimed a hero city. It is an old city, where important events in the struggle for freedom and independence have taken place. In ancient times the city was known under the name of Aulon. At the beginning it was only a port. Aulon was famous for its olive groves and vineyards. Today, Vlore is Albania's second largest port, a fishing port, and a holiday resort.

At 4,757 ft/1,475 m above sea level, Zabljak, Montenegro, located 98 mi/158 km north of Podgorica, is the town with the highest altitude in the Balkans. It is also located near the Durmitor National Park, where hiking, mountaineering and other outdoor sports are readily available. Crno Lake, the second-largest mountain lake in Montenegro, is also nearby and provides numerous water-related activities.

Zabljak is primarily a winter-sports center, with skiing a popular pastime there. However, the town is also home to some interesting cultural sites, including three monasteries.

The capital and modern city of Skopje has everything that any other capital city can offer—fabulous churches, mosques, excellent museums, galleries, shopping, concerts, theater, opera, ballet and even casinos—but all on a smaller scale. And one of its greatest highlights is the biggest and oldest Turkish bazaar in Europe, originally rivaling the one in old Baghdad.

Skopje sits on the banks of the Vardar River, and much of its modernity is the result of an earthquake that leveled large sections of the city in 1963—the clock in the railway station has been preserved, forever stopped at 5:17 am, the moment when the quake struck. Fortunately for visitors, much of the old town survived. Cross the 11 arches of the Stone Bridge, built by the Turks in the 1400s, and you will find cultural and historical monuments that span centuries. Especially notable are the 15th-century Daud Pasha Turkish Baths, the largest in the region. But don't plan on getting your feet wet—today, the City Art Gallery occupies the premises. For a nice overview of the city, climb to the Kale Fortress, a ruined castle. Then visit the nearby Church of Sveti Spas (note the beautiful iconostasis). In the Mosque of Mustafa Pasha, look for the cracked dome caused by an earthquake.

A day trip can also be made to man-made Lake Matka, where you'll find a fantastic 22-mi/35-km canyon with a cliff-side footpath and numerous old churches surrounding the lake. There is also swimming, hiking, canoeing, climbing, cave exploring and great seafood restaurants there. Ohrid or Stobi, a colorful ancient town on the road to Greece, are also good day trips from Skopje. 120 mi/195 km northeast of Ohrid.

Ohrid is an immortal town, a magical hill whose primordial pulsation links ancient and modern times forever. Ohrid has been a living town for 2,400 years. It is the legitimate descendant of the shining Lychida, a town whose achievements were woven into the tapestry of a powerful ancient civilization. The town of Ohrid is indeed the cultural history of the Republic of Macedonia in miniature. As an Episcopal center in ancient times and through the widely renowned Ohrid archbishopric, the town has represented the entire ecclesiastical history of Macedonia. It bears the name "The Balkan Jerusalem". Through the activity of St. Clement of Ohrid, the first pan - Slavonic university in Europe was situated here. Ohrid was the most important official capital of the first Slav Macedonian state, and the center of Macedonia's nineteenth century revival. Today Ohrid is the cultural, spiritual and tourist center of Macedonia. As the crowning glory of its values, Ohrid and Lake Ohrid have been named a world cultural and natural heritage listed city under the protection of UNESCO since 1980.

Berat is a well preserved historic center in south-central Albania, displaying rare examples of architectural character typical of the Ottoman period. The town features a castle built in the 13th century, several mosques from the early 1400s, a bazaar and two churches from the same period. This ancient city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List and is an ideal city to tour for those interested in history.

Like Berat, Gjirokaster is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was also spared from communist-style building projects. The city's second name—the City of Stairs—refers to Gjirokaster's mountainous terrain and the stairs you have to climb to visit its impressive, fortress-style buildings.

The main attractions are the magnificent, snowcapped mountains that surround the city, which is 90 mi/145 km southeast of Tirana. Be sure to visit the 11th-century citadel, which has a stunning view of the countryside, as well as the interesting National Museum of Weapons that displays Albanian-made arms from ancient through modern times. The citadel was also a prison—you can read the records of the inmates.

Gjirokaster is the birthplace of dictator Enver Hoxha and author Ismail Kadare.

Tirana (pronounced: Tih-rana) is the capital and the largest city (1991 est. pop. 300,000) of Albania. It is the administrative, cultural, economic, and industrial center of the Republic of Albania.

This important northern city lies near Lake Scutari in a relatively flat valley about 55 mi/88 km northwest of Tirana and surrounded by majestic mountains. Shkoder has always been the country's most independent and free-thinking city—it was instrumental in bringing down the last Communist leader, even though it was his hometown. The city is also an important center of Albanian Catholicism. Its cathedral, which was turned into a volleyball court during the antireligion campaigns of the 1960s, has been converted back into a cathedral. Shkoder's most impressive site, the Rozafat Fortress (just a short drive to the south of the city), has a spectacular setting on a sheer cliff that is both impregnable and impressive. Near the fortress is the 18th-century Leaden Mosque.

Podgorica, Montenegro, is the capital city as well as a modern metropolis and business center. It is also known for its imports; shopping for Italian goods is a common activity.

Interesting sites in Podgorica include the 16th-century Church of St. George, the 18th-century clock tower, two Roman-era bridges that cross the Ribnica River, the sixth-century Osmanagic's Mosque and numerous monuments. It is also home to many cultural institutions, including the National Theatre of Montenegro, the City Theatre and the Public Institution Museum and Galleries.

South of the city is Skadar Lake, the largest lake in the Balkans and a national park. Northwest of Podgorica, between Danilovgrad and Niksic, you can visit the ancient Ostrog Monastery built into the rocks.

Niksic, which has a Byzantine church and a ruined Turkish fortress, is also an interesting town to visit. Besides cultural attractions, it is home to the Onogost brewery, which has been brewing its Niksicko beer since 1896.

The railroad route northeast from Podgorica to Kolasin passes through the magnificent canyon of Moraca (and a number of tunnels, as well). Kolasin is a popular skiing spot and has a few cultural sites to see, including the Moraca Monastery, famous for its frescoes.

Take a step back in time and visit the old town of Kotor, one of the best-preserved medieval towns in this part of the Mediterranean. The asymmetric structure of the narrow streets and squares, combined with the awesome monuments of medieval architecture, contributed to Kotor being placed on UNESCO’s “World’s natural and cultural inheritance” list. From ancient fortification systems surrounding the city to 12th century cathedrals, Kotor is a dream come true for those who revel in history. Entrance to town from the Gurdic spring, consists of 3 separate gates, built from the 13th, 16th and 18th centuries. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon is one of the most visited and impressive churches in the city. According to some texts, the original church was erected in the 8th century and rebuilt in 1166. Two earthquakes, one in 1667 and one in 1979 seriously damaged the cathedral and it continues to be restored to this day. The city is breathtaking in every respect and only a visit will truly reveal all it has to offer.

Excursions